Scientists have tested a nasal spray that improves memory and reduces brain inflammation

So far, results have only been obtained in preclinical models.

Details

The study was conducted by scientists at Texas A&M University. They have developed a spray that delivers so-called extracellular vesicles - microscopic "containers" with molecules that regulate gene function - into the brain.

The spray is injected through the nose, which bypasses the brain's protective barrier and delivers the substances directly to the tissues.

Inside these vesicles are microRNAs - molecules that control inflammation and cell function.

In the experiment, the drug

• reduced chronic inflammation in the brain
• improved the work of mitochondria (the energy centres of cells)
• restored cognitive functions, including memory

The effects were apparent after just a few weeks of two doses and persisted for months.

Why it's important

Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms of brain aging.

The study shows that:

• these processes can be inhibited
  possibly partially
• restore brain function
• there is a new way to deliver drugs directly to the brain

In the long term, such technologies could be applied to dementia, stroke and age-related memory decline.

Background

As we age, inflammation builds up in the brain, which disrupts neuronal function and has been linked to diseases like Alzheimer's.

Until now, these processes were thought to be difficult to reverse and treatments were limited.

Source

The study is published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (2026). The work was done by scientists at Texas A&M University and is based on preclinical experiments.