How to recognise dementia in cats: 8 warning signs that should not be ignored

A new study described by The Conversation shows that age-related cognitive impairment in cats is much like that of humans and develops by similar mechanisms.

Felinal cognitive dysfunction syndrome, the name given to dementia in cats, is manifested by impaired memory, orientation and behaviour. It is more common in older animals, but symptoms can appear as early as 7 years of age. According to one study, signs of dementia are found in more than half of cats over the age of 15. And in animals between 11 and 14 years old, behavioural changes have been recorded in almost 30%.

Eight Signs of Dementia in Cats

1. Unusual vocalisation. The cat begins to meow loudly and often, especially at night or in unusual situations.

2. Changes in interactions with people. The animal becomes either excessively affectionate and "clingy", or, conversely, irritable and alienated.

3. Sleep disturbances. The cat may be awake at night, and sleep more than usual during the day.

4. Toilet problems. Urination and defecation outside the litter box is a common symptom, although it can be caused by other conditions as well.

5. Disorientation. The cat may get "lost" in the house, freeze in front of a wall, not find its way out of the room, or stand on the wrong side of the door.

6. Decreased activity. Loss of interest in playing, exploring and even self-care - for example, the cat washes itself less.

7. Anxiety. The animal may be afraid of familiar sounds, people or places, hiding in secluded corners more often.

8. Learning problems. The cat may forget where its bowl or litter tray is, and fail to cope with previously learnt actions.

How to care for a cat with dementia

Symptoms of dementia often overlap with signs of other conditions - such as arthritis or kidney disease. It is therefore important to consult your vet at the first worrying change in behaviour.

Scientific data on dementia in cats is still limited. Treatment, as in humans, cannot completely cure the disease, but there are ways to slow its progress.

• Play and stimulation. Moderate cognitive exercise (e.g., hide-and-seek, interactive toys) can help a cat stay mentally active. But in severe cases, sudden changes in environment can increase anxiety.

• Dietary changes. Supplements with vitamins E and C and omega fatty acids can reduce inflammation in the brain. However, they have only been tested on dogs, and if you decide to use supplements for cats, make sure they are safe and designed specifically for cats. Supplements for dogs (such as those with alpha lipoic acid) can be toxic.

Dementia in cats is a common and hard-to-diagnose condition. But the sooner the owner notices the first symptoms, the better the chances of preserving the pet's quality of life and mental comfort.