How nutrition affects rheumatoid arthritis risk: unexpected findings from scientists

A new study published in the journal Nutrients has found that moderate alcohol consumption, as well as including fruit, oily fish and cereals in the diet, may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, increased consumption of tea and coffee may increase this risk.

A team of scientists from the University of Leeds conducted a systematic review of 30 studies involving nearly 10,000 people with rheumatoid arthritis. They examined the association between 32 different food, drink and nutrient groups and the likelihood of developing the disease.

Key findings of the study:

• Foods that reduce the risk of arthritis:

  • Fatty fish and vitamin D: Have a potential protective effect, but only when consumed in moderation. Excessive consumption does not enhance this effect.
  • Fruits and cereals: increased consumption is associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Moderate alcohol consumption (especially beer): consumption of two units of alcohol per week (equivalent to one mug of beer or glass of wine) is associated with a 4% reduction in risk. However, above 7.5 units of alcohol per week, the protective effect disappears.

• Foods that increase the risk of arthritis:

  • Tea: each additional cup per day increases risk by 4%. However, the baseline risk from tea consumption is low, so even with the increase remains small.
  • Coffee: also showed an association with increased risk, but less pronounced than tea.

The researchers emphasise that one-size-fits-all 'healthy eating' recommendations may not be effective enough to prevent rheumatoid arthritis. They call for a more personalised approach that takes into account the specific needs and characteristics of each individual.

Professor Janet Cade, from the School of Food Science and Nutrition at the University of Leeds, said: 'The results are encouraging. By eating more foods such as oily fish, cereals, vegetables and vitamin D, people can reduce their chances of developing this painful and debilitating condition."

Practical advice:

• Include oily fish in your diet: salmon, mackerel and herring are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.
• Eat more cereals and fruit: this promotes overall health and reduces the risk of inflammation.
• Drink alcohol in moderation: small amounts can be beneficial, but excessive consumption carries risks.
• Limit tea and coffee consumption: although they have their benefits, it is important not to exceed moderate doses.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that affects many people's quality of life. Although more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which nutrition influences the development of this disease, it is already clear that certain dietary habits can play a significant role. A personalised approach to diet and informed food choices may be key steps in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis.

Details: Yuanyuan Dong et al, Dose-Response Associations Between Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies, Nutrients (2024). DOI: 10.3390/nu16234050