What is known about plans to end the war in Ukraine

Information from various sources was collected by RBC-Ukraine agency.

Working documents

Currently, Ukraine and allies identify three main documents that Washington and Kiev are working on:

• peace plan (now - presumably 20 points): a framework document on the cessation of war, which is constantly being adjusted to the interests of the parties;

• security guarantees: a document between Ukraine, the U.S. and the Resolute Coalition that defines security measures for the country;

• reconstruction plan: provides for Ukraine's economic and infrastructural reconstruction after the war or under a ceasefire.

Peace plan points

The main (publicly known) peace plan items include:

• territorial issues, in particular - regarding the Donetsk region;

• security of nuclear facilities (ZNPP);

• defining the border line and controlling the border;

• reparations and reconstruction of Ukraine;

• security guarantees from the US and EU;

• return of Ukrainian children and prisoners.

The original peace plan consisted of 28 points, as the mass media reported, but Ukraine insisted on its adjustment. Following the meeting of the Ukrainian, US and European sides in Geneva, some changes were made to the points of the plan, and about 20 points remained in the document.

The US delegation presented the draft agreement to the Kremlin (probably the version with Ukrainian amendments). Afterwards, the Russian dictator said that the U.S. plan "may become the basis" for the final version of the peace agreement, while at the same time repeating his maximalist demands. In particular, earlier the Russians insisted on limiting the number of AFU, a ban on joining NATO, surrendering Donbass and other unacceptable conditions. The Kremlin did not renounce these words and did not demonstrate its readiness to make concessions.

In turn, after the meeting between the Americans and Putin, Ukraine handed over to the USA a certain "updated proposal" for further discussions. Its content was not disclosed, but Axios (the media outlet that was the first to report on the 28 points of the peace plan) writes that the alternative Ukrainian proposal includes new ideas for resolving such contentious issues as territories and the ZNPP.

on 11 December, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said that Russia had handed the USA "additional proposals" on collective "security guarantees". Their content was also not disclosed.

Representatives of the USA and Ukraine are expected to hold a virtual meeting today, 11 December, to continue working on a peace agreement. Zelensky, meanwhile, continues to discuss the plan with European allies. Specifically, the topic will be brought up today at an online meeting of the Resolute Coalition.

Territories

Russia insists on the complete withdrawal of Ukrainian troops from Donbass. Kiev rules out the transfer of Ukrainian territories to the Russian Federation in exchange for "peace".

US President Donald Trump's special envoy Steve Witkoff offered Kiev to hand over to Moscow the remaining part of the Donetsk region under Ukrainian control (according to various reports - 25-30%), considering it "the way to a just peace". Trump believes Ukraine has "no trump cards" and the country risks losing more territory in 2026 if it refuses - as he believes - "reasonable concessions".

Senior Ukrainian officials report that the latest version of the US peace plan does not require the withdrawal of Russian troops from the future eastern border of the demilitarised zone. The Financial Times emphasises that the US proposals are "far from always" in line with Ukraine's interests.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and European experts believe that giving up the territory will only form a springboard for the Russians, who will resume aggression with renewed vigour after the "ceasefire". He also said that territorial issues should be discussed at the level of leaders to reach the "safest and diplomatically sound" solution.

Security guarantees

US Secretary of the Army Dan Driscoll said during a visit to Kiev that the US is ready to provide Ukraine with security guarantees and create "the most modern demilitarised zone" along the frontline, based on the Korean model.

Zelensky sees this as a path to a frozen conflict. The president also notes that the issue of security guarantees for Ukraine from its partners has not yet been resolved.

Russia's position

The Kremlin continues to insist on territorial concessions from Ukraine, in particular regarding the part of Donbas and the occupied territories controlled by the AFU. At a press conference in Bishkek on 27 November, Putin said that hostilities in Ukraine will stop when the AFU "leave the territories they occupy".

Also, Russia is categorically opposed to Ukraine's membership in NATO. In particular, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said today that Kiev "should return to neutral, non-aligned and non-nuclear bases".

According to the Russians' version, they "do not benefit" from the modified version of the peace plan. Earlier, numerous media outlets called the original 28 points of the peace plan "pro-Russian", some even questioned who was the real author of the agreement.

Negotiating teams

The only American representatives involved in direct negotiations with Russia to date are special envoy to the US President Steve Witkoff and Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner. The Russian team includes Putin 's political advisers and the Kremlin's financial and economic representatives. They include Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov and Kirill Dmitriev, who is the head of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF).

The Ukrainian negotiating group (after the resignation of OP head Andrei Yermak) is headed by SNBO Secretary Rustem Umerov. The interests of European partners are represented by the leaders of the Resolute Coalition - French President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

Timing and potential meeting of leaders

The Ukrainian President notes that some particularly sensitive issues of the plan should be discussed at the level of leaders, in particular - with the US President. To date, the US side has not yet announced that such a meeting is being prepared.

Western media report that the US is keen to conclude the agreement as soon as possible, citing Christmas Day, 25 December, as a potential deadline. RBC-Ukraine's sources confirm the rush in Washington, but, according to them, no official deadline has been announced yet.

What else is known

The Trump administration seems to be hoping for some kind of post-war co-operation with Russia. US plans to bring Russia back into the global economy have already been handed over to Europe, The Wall Street Journal writes, citing US and European officials.

The documents refer to American investments in key sectors of the Russian Federation, including the mining of rare-earth metals. The plan also provides assistance in restoring the flow of Russian energy resources to Europe and other parts of the world, which contradicts Europe's policy of rejecting Russian gas.

The US is also outlining a mechanism for US companies to access some $200bn of frozen Russian assets and invest them in Ukrainian projects. Among the ideas is the construction of a new data centre to be powered by the Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant. Currently, Zaporizhzhya NPP is still under the control of the Russian occupiers.